← Field guide · exits

What is an exit rule?

  • An exit rule is the part of a strategy that decides when a trade ends.
  • Write it before you open the trade — or you aren’t running a strategy, you’re improvising with real money.

What it is

An exit rule states, in advance, the condition that closes a position: a profit, a loss, a date, a price signal, or an expiry you let run. It has to be checkable by somebody who wasn’t there.

  • Stated before the entry. A reason you find afterwards is a story, not a rule.
  • One condition, or a stated order of them. “Whichever comes first” is a rule. “It depends” isn’t.
  • Checkable by a stranger. Two people running it on the same trade have to reach the same answer.
  • It ends the trade. Something that changes the trade instead is a roll, and that is a different animal.

Why it is half the strategy

  • The entry decides which trades you take.
  • The exit decides what each one is worth.
  • Same entries, different exits, different results.
  • So a strategy quoted without its exit isn’t a specification. It’s a name.

Rule, habit, or reflex

Most traders have an exit. Far fewer have an exit rule.

What it looks likeCan it be tested?
A ruleClose at 50% of the credit received, or at 21 days, whichever comes firstYes
A habit“I usually take profits about halfway”No — “about” and “usually” have no value
A reflexClose it when the position starts to hurtNo — the condition is a feeling
  • Only the first row can be backtested, because only the first row can be written as code.
  • The other two are still exits. They just can’t be measured, which means they can’t be improved.
  • That is the whole reason this site insists on the wording.

What a complete exit rule contains

  • The trigger. What has to be true.
  • The measurement. Percentage of what — the credit, the width, the account?
  • The timing. Checked at the close, intraday, or at a fixed time.
  • The tie-break. What happens when two conditions fire on the same day.

That fourth one gets skipped constantly. A profit target and a time exit that both trigger on the same afternoon need a stated winner, or two people testing “the same” rule get different numbers.

Where it bites

The most expensive words in an exit rule are “a percentage” — because nobody says of what.

  • 50% of maximum profit and 50% of the credit mean the same thing on a credit spread. On a debit spread they don’t.
  • A 200% stop is 200% of what you staked, not of what you can lose. See the stop loss entry.
  • “Close at 21 days” is unambiguous. “Close in the last three weeks” is three different rules.

The one that costs real money

  • An exit rule that can only be evaluated after the day is over cannot be traded on that day.
  • If your test closes at a price the market only revealed later, the test is reading tomorrow’s paper.
  • It is the single most common way a backtested exit beats the live one.

Common questions

Is an exit rule the same as a stop loss?

No. A stop loss is one of seven exits. An exit rule is the umbrella term for whichever of them you have written down — a profit target and a time exit are exit rules too.

Do I need more than one exit rule on a trade?

Usually yes. Most premium-selling strategies carry a profit target and a time or loss condition together, with a stated order for when both fire at once.

Can an exit rule be discretionary?

It can be discretionary in life. It cannot be discretionary in a test. Anything that needs your judgement on the day can’t be measured, so it can’t be compared against the alternative.

Which exit is best?

That is the question the whole cluster exists to answer, and it is not answerable in the abstract — it depends on the structure, the tenor and the underlying. What is clear is that changing it changes the result more than most traders expect.

How this shows up in our tests

No test on this site has published a result yet, so this page doesn’t claim one.

The first run that turns on this page is the exit ladder: one set of entries, closed seven different ways, scored on expectancy rather than win rate. This entry will link to it the day it publishes.